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What is the Physical Layer?

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

  • Purpose: Transmits raw bits over physical medium (electrical, light, radio).
  • Examples: Cables, switches, radio signals
  • Analogy: The actual wires or Wi-Fi signals that carry the envelope.

Examples

The Physical layer is responsible for:

  • Transmission and reception of raw bit streams
  • Hardware components (cables, antennas, transceivers)
  • Environmental influences (moisture, EMI, etc.)